Chronic kidney disease ckd

Diabetes and hypertension are the two most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. What is a shared mechanism by which both diabetes and hypertension cause CKD?

1: Chronic inflammation
2: Diffuse cyst formation replacing functional nephrons
3: Hydronephrosis leading to parenchymal destruction and progressive renal scarring
4: Microvascular damage